Author Archives: Donna Phillips

Let’s Talk About… Online Family Trees-Part 2

by Donna Phillips


Many of us have been blessed to sit beneath the 150-year-old banyan tree in downtown Lahaina, Maui. (Which is said to be showing signs of life after the devastating August fire. Yahoo.) Looking at the city-park-wide spread of this tree, one can imagine an equally large series of roots reaching back into time and bringing the beloved tree back to life.


The Maui Banyan is the metaphor I choose to share with you today. All that we see, from the ground up, is our growing family (pretend you’re the tiny white person/spot). But what we cannot see is the equal number of roots/ancestors that brought us to this point. 


It’s those people/ancestors whom we genealogists seek. The question on the table to day is how to organize and keep that information in a safe and a usable way? Let’s take a peek at the different safe-storage-for-long-term methods:

  • Individually Managed Family Trees.. meaning YOU are in charge, period:
    • American Ancestors TREES
    • Ancestry — private member trees
    • MyHeritage — private member trees
    • Findmypast — private member trees
  • Keeping your tree online on these websites means nobody/no how can add/substract/multiply/divide or mess with your information…. but you can give permission for folks to see your tree. 
  • Collaborative Family Trees…. meaning folks do work together to add/edit/mange profiles. BUT know that others can and might make changes to “your” profile. Not supposed to without giving documentation. 😉
    • FamilySearch Family Trees….. nearing 2-billion online trees
    • WikiTree….. 36 million trees
  • Programs on your own computer…… meaning you are solely in charge; both have a free and paid version.
    • LegacyFamilyTree —- can sync with FamilySearch
    • RootsMagic —– can sync with Ancestry

Certainly there are other online programs and other at-home computer programs. I’m just giving the bare minimum here to kick-start your decision making process as to what are YOU going to do with all your family history information?????

Remember, your “Maui banyan” might burn to the ground next time. 

Let’s Talk About…. Online Family Trees-Part 1

by Donna Phillips

Is there such a thing as One World Tree? One tree that documents every ancestor back to……. well, as far as records exist. Those advocating a One World Tree believe (as do I) that we’re all children of God and therefore we are related. Somehow. Somewhere in time. But the information on those 20th generation ancestors is beyond our ken and our reach, isn’t it? 

Let’s talk practicality. Ask yourself these questions: 

  • How far back can I, or do I want, to find (and document) my ancestors??
  • Aren’t we mostly happy if we can find records back into the 1500s? That’s 20 generations, a million names! Can we keep track of a million ancestors? Can we know a million ancestors? I think not. I cannot!
  • Do we really care what path other genealogists might choose to pursue?
  • What do know about the last 5 generations of ancestors? (That’s nearly 200 years!) Isn’t that the point of doing family history…. to get to know at least something of an ancestor’s life and times? 

Once those questions have been answered in your mind, consider these:

  • Do I want to share my tree/information or keep it (safely) to myself?
  • Back 200 years (or more) are those folks just your ancestors? Hardly. 
  • Besides, how many answers have I gained for my family tree/ancestors from others?? Isn’t sharing really the best option?
  • Lisa Louise Cooke (FamilyTreeMagazine, May/June 2022) advocated YES for sharing but to “keep the heart of our genealogy at home….. a master family tree of your family tree, built on your own computer, is the key to securing your family history now and for generations to come.” 
  • While I greatly respect Lisa Louise, I puzzle her answer. Just keep my tree on my computer? What if my computer crashes/floods/burns in a fire…… and I’ve not kept backups regularly? And/or shared them with family? All will be lost. 
  • Everything I’ve read, and from all the genealogy/tech gurus, say this: DO have an online tree, do keep it backed up in multiple places, and DO keep your tree in a home computer program on your own computer. 
  • Puzzle and ponder your answer to these questions and “problems”………… Part 2 next time. 

Let’s Talk About…. Buffalo Soldiers

by Donna Phillips

American Plains Indians who fought against these soldiers referred to the black cavalry troops as “Buffalo Soldiers” because of their dark, curly hair, which resembled a buffalo’s coat and because of their fierce nature of fighting. The nickname soon became synonymous with all African-American regiments formed in 1866. (Wikipedia)

Idaho has strong connections to Buffalo Soldiers. Units from Ft. Missoula and later Ft. Wright participated in restoring order during the 1890s mining wars, as well as help rescue local townsfolk from the Great Fire of 1910. 

Wallace, Idaho, in June 2019, hosted a group of Buffalo Soldiers re-enactors. They came to shine a light on a little-known chapter in the annals of U.S. Military History. On 14 June 1897, a force of 20 African American soldiers along with two white officers, a doctor and a newspaper reporter set off on an epic 1900 mile bicycle ride from Missoula, Montana, to St. Louis, Missouri. 

Nicknamed the Iron Riders for both their heavy one-speed bikes and their iron hard constitutions. The intrepid group made the trip in six weeks, having battled poor roads, every kind of weather, meager rations and prejudice. But they did receive a hero’s welcome when they arrived in St. Louis. 

Nothing I read explained WHY did they make that ride but it was an extraordinary achievement. 

To learn more about the Buffalo Soliders, click on YouTube and search for The Bicycle Corps, America’s Black Army on Wheels. There is also a Buffalo Soldier National Museum in Houston, Texas. 

To me, every tidbit of American history, done by ANY of her people, I find fascinating. Hope you do too. 

Let’s Talk About…… Inland Northwest Railway Museum

by Donna Phillips


Have you been to the Inland Northwest Rail Museum just a hoot and holler west of Reardan?? If you’re into trains, train history, engines, different rail lines, anything “railroad,” this is the place to go. While not open every day year round, they have plenty of regular open days and a host of special events. Do check it out. 

Coming up on Saturday, May 11th, there are Big Happenings planned for the entire weekend and I will be offering a class on “Did Your Ancestor Work For The Railroad.” Come, enjoy the displays, the train rides and, on that day, the class…… if you happen to be on the east side of the mountains.

Railroad Facts you perhaps did not know (according to a 1990 factsheet I have):

  • Freight traffic on major U.S. railroads is measured in “ton-miles.” This is a term denoting the movement of one tone of freight a distance of one mile. Our U.S. railroads achieve millions of ton-miles every year
  • There are no legal limits on how long a train can be but there are practical limits, such as power of the engine.
  • During WWII, railroads moved practically all the men and supplies of the American Expeditionary Force to seaports. 
  • From 1 Dec 1941 to 30 Aug 1945, U.S. railroads carried approximately 44-million service men and women in special troop trains, hospital trains and in special cars attached to regular trains.
  • The first known instance of mail being moved by rail occurred in South Carolina in Nov 1831. By 1840, railroads had begun to provide space and facilities for handling of the mail enroute. But as the movement of mail by air grew, the railroads’ mail business declined. The last mail run, between Washington and New York, was in June 1977. 
  • What are the commodities carried by railroads? Coal ranks first in tonage, followed by farm products, chemicals, nonmetallic minerals, food and kindred products, frozen products, lumber and wood products.
  • Railroads are deemed vital to the U.S. economy. The steel industry depends on railroads to deliver its ore and coat; the car industry depends on railroads to deliver the steel and parts of making cars and then to carry cars to their destination. 
  • There are more railroad-railroading websites available to you than you likely have time for. Use Google and go for it! 
    • The place your railroading ancestor lived
    • The railroad he worked for
    • Railroads have historical societies and archives!

 Remember all the good railroads have done for our country, and still do, the next time you’re stuck seemingly forever at a railroad crossing. 

Let’s Talk About….. Fairchild Air Force Base

by Donna Phillips

Those of you who drive onto Fairchild Air Force Base have surely noticed the B-52 parked a short ways inside the gate. Well, we know for sure that my father, Col. Francis H. Potter, commanded that very plane for many missions during the Cold War of the 70s. How do we know that? This is a photo of that B-52 and our son, Benjamin, and his son Austin. Ben researched the serial number of that plane and discovered this wonderful bit of family history. And to think that it was OUR father’s plane that was chosen for permanent display!

Fairchild has quite a history. Several battles of U.S. Cavalry vs. Native Americans happened in that very patch of ground. Groups of immigrant settlers established homes, farms and orchards in that same area. The area looked prime for wheat farming. But Spokane was growing in population and that population needed transportation and the opportunity for business. 

By 1939, Spokane was in a serious business decline when James A. Ford came to the rescue. Ford had been active with the Spokane Chamber of Commerce since 1917 and during that time he had worked incessantly to bring aviation to Spokane. But the Army Signal Corps reported that “the city is located in a valley between high hills, with contrary winds and there will never be much, if any, aviation in Spokane.”

At this time, Spokane has two airlines flying into Felts Field, United and Northwest. Ford knew Spokane would soon need a bigger airport. And, just as important, he could see the war clouds gathering around the world and hoped a larger airport would attract an Army Air Force Base. 

Ford’s work worked and in 1940 a WPA project started to clear and level the county land, donated by the county, for the new field and the Army Air Forces moved right in. The airport was renamed Geiger Field; after WWII it became Spokane International Airport. 

About this same time, the announcement was made that the Army Air Force needed a separate and larger base for its operations. Again, James Ford to the rescue. It was a real battle of words, but those on the West side of the state wanted the new depot in their backyard. 

The Spokesman Review trumpeted the headline on September 11, 1941, that Spokane would get the $20-million air depot. This was great news for Spokane for it meant an estimated $8-million dollar payroll in the area due to 5400 new jobs. Not to mention the military personnel’s spending in the area. 

It turned out that having a military depot so close to a civilian airfield had its advantages, primarily being that a rail line bisected the area. 

Citizens of Spokane might have been jubilant but the eleven farmer-land-owners were not. Four sections of prime wheat land would now be gone forever. 

The town of Airway Heights got its start during the war years mostly because there was no military family housing at the depot. In 1955, the town of Airway Heights was incorporated. 

In 1951, the name was changed from Spokane Air Force Base to Fairchild Air Force Base in honor of Gen. Muir S. Fairchild, a native of Bellingham, Washington. 

(Thanks to a 1976 little book by Peggy Bal, Fairchild: Heritage of the Spokane Plains. Please forgive me if I garbled the facts a bit.) 

Let’s Talk About…… Archives & BeeHives

by Donna Phillips

I’ll admit I’m stretching a bit here, but I did catch your attention, didn’t I?

ARCHIVES. What comes to mind when you hear or read that word? Records? Information? Papers? Ledgers? Books? Rolls? Files? History? Information? All of the above??

What IS an archive: “It’s a collection of historical documents or records providing information bout a place, institution or group of people.” 

In other (crazy comparison) words, it’s a place where genealogists find honey!!

There are probably a dozen archives that you might-could access to find the family information you’re seeking. Every U.S. state has archives and most of the world’s countries do too. They’re not like public libraries…. walk in, check the catalog, pull a book off the shelf and away you go. Archives are places where history is stored. We can access it but it stays safely guarded away. 

Lucky for us, there are most usually finding aids for most any archive. (Good grammar, eh?) 

Here in Spokane we have the Eastern Washington State Historical Society archive housed in the Joel E. Ferris Library at the MAC. If you have Inland Northwest ancestors, make an appointment and GO. If you live in Central or Western Washington, go visit YOUR archives!

We also have the Washington State Library Digital Collections and the Washington Rural Heritage memory project (aka archive). Ever heard of the Northwest Digital Heritage (for WA and OR)? Of course we have the Eastern Washington Branch of the Washington State Archives out in Cheney. 

Here’s maybe a new one for you: ArchiveGrid. This is a collection of over 5million “archival material descriptions …… harvested from the web.” These documents are described as “historical documents, personal papers, family histories and more.” Try it, you just might find the “honey.” 

How about InternetArchive? This is an American digital library that has quickly become a major destination to those researching their family history online. InternetArchive is a non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, software, websites, music and much more. To use this site, you sign up for an account and then can download material to your account (your computer) to use at your leisure. Ah, the honey is there, no??

Click to the Society of American Archivists and download their free “Using Archives: A Guide to Effective Research.” 

Let’s Talk About…. Gold Rush Ancestors?

by Donna Phillips

 This 33-cent stamp, issued in 1999, commemorated the California Gold Rush. Did you have an answer who “went west” to make his fortune…….. but didn’t…… and possibly was never heard from again? 

I won’t recount the history of how gold was discovered; that’s easy finding-reading. I will explain that those eager gold seekers from the East who managed to make it to California by the end of 1849 numbered about 90,000. 

Life in the gold fields was pretty rough; mining work was hard and most finds were minimal. Within a year or two many gave up and, if they had the means, returned home.

The fall 2009 issue of New England Ancestors, carried an article on this topic, written by Nancy Peterson, CG. I quote:

“No official documents collected the names of fortune seekers who traveled to California. No comprehensive governmental passenger lists recorded the names of the fortune seekers who sailed to California via Panama or San Francisco. We learn of journeys to the gold fields from diaries and letters, from California newspaper listings of new arrivals, and from reminiscences written many years later. Newspapers “back home” often printed news and letters from the California-bound adventurers.”

The article continued, “Perhaps the most comprehensive resource about the Overland route is J.S. Holliday’s The World Rushed In. This book is based upon accounts by more than 500 men about their westward journeys and early lives in California. The book’s sources serve as an excellent starting point in the search for these emigrants.”

Certainly, there are other resources to be found; use Google. Check out CyndisList and the FamilySearch.org/Wiki. 

At the conclusion of her article, Peterson states: “for a comprehensive well-annotated source covering all aspect of the gold rush, see Kenneth N. Owens, Riches for All: The California Gold Rush and the World, published in 2002. I just checked (Dec 2023):

Let’s Talk Aboout….. Colfax, Whitman County

by Donna Phillips

My kiddos used to live in Pullman and so I’ve driven through Colfax a hundred times but I’ve seldom stopped. My bad, for this little town has a history AND, today, some cute little shops.

Colfax lies in the heart of the rolling Palouse hills, and is bisected by the Palouse River. Historic Steptoe Butte can be seen to the north. 

In 2022, Colfax celebrated their 150th year anniversary. In 1870, James Perkins was the first white man to see the potential in this little valley and envisioned a nice little town. Perkins and his fellow settler, Thomas Smith, soon scouted a site for a lumber mill. By 1871, the mill cut its first lumber and had its first log drive. This lumber, ordered by Waitsburg businessman, Anderson Cox, recognized the need for lumber for buildings in order that the area towns thrive. After the sawmill was established on the Palouse River, the town quickly sprang up around it. Pine trees that once covered the hills were turned into lumber for the immigrants’ homes. 

Perkins originally named the town Belleville, perhaps after a former girlfriend named Belle or perhaps after his hometown of Belleville, Indiana. But since his wife was not named Belle, the town name soon was changed to Colfax, to honor U.S. Vice President Schuyler Colfax in 1873. 

There are many inviting little shops: The Colfax Mercantile, Tick Klock Drug, the Dusty Attic and Palouse River Quilts. The little hamburger place on the east side of main street has been a staple for years……….and offers great burgers! 

The Whitman County Historical Society maintains the Perkins House where the family lived from 1887 from into the 1960s, when it was sold to the Whitman County Historical Society. It is open for visits. 

One story, told to me by a friend years ago whose husband was on the Spokane police force, explained that largely unknown in a basement of a downtown building was a complete, ready-to-go, command center in case of an environmental catastrophe on the West side, ie, Olympia. True? Wasn’t able to verify that story. Do you know?

Let’s Talk About…… The Family Tree Family

by Donna Phillips

FamilyTree is not just a magazine; not just a website and definitely not to be overlooked!

There is education and learning contained and offered here that one might could say this is “one stop shopping.” 


The magazine comes six times per year; the May/June 2023 issue (pictured above) carried that multi-page article on Colonial Roots. 

In the “5 Questions with Sunny Jane Morton,” she answered the question “How to build your own research guide for a country or region” you’ve never researched before?” Sunny’s answer: Start with the FamilySearch Research WIKI; learn about that place’s language, culture, religions, occupations and more. Browse categories about that place and create your own “research notebook.” 

Another article was “How To Write To Know,” about writing a really good, readable, family history. How can you go wrong with information like that??bThe magazine carries special inserts each month too. These are Cheat Sheets (how to do XXX) and State Research Guides. These are offered for sale on the FamilyTree website but come free with magazine subscription. 


Last but not least, the website, www.familytreemagazine.com, offers MANY different research aids and helps; some for free and some for small money. 


Subscriptons can be ordered for a print magazine or an e-magazine; your choice. But think about it……….. what could be better for a birthday present to you????

Let’s Talk About….. Trivia Again!

by Donna Phillips


Endogamy:  Know what that means? According to the website of the International Society for Genetic Genealogy, endogamy “is the practice of marrying within the same ethnic, cultural, social, religious or tribal group.”  Examples of endogamous groups include Jews, Polynesians, Mennonites, Amish, Acadians, French Canadians and folks from many Arab countries.

FamilySearchCenter: Do you have all the funds to allow subscriptions to the many paid genealogy websites that you’d like to use? Ha, not me either. Did you know that there are about 30 subscription websites that you can use FOR FREE at any FamilySearch Center! Go and you can pick up a 2-page, small-print, handout listing all these sites. Don’t know where a FamilySearchCenter is? They’re all listed on our EWGSI.org website.

Commonwealth: What is a “commonwealth?” At the time of the founding of the United States, the designation “Commonwealth” carried with it the implication of a greater degree of self-government that did the word “state.” Four states officially label themselves as “Commonwealths,” rather than “States.” They are Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Kentucky. It is also the designation of Puerto Rico.

Worth of old county histories: Knowing my ancestor, Caleb Carr, was a Baptist minister, 1810ish, who lived in Erie County, New York, I happily hefted the 500-page Centennial History of Erie County from the shelf and flipped it to the back……… alas, no index. Of course, published in 1876, these older books don’t have indexes. (Unless more recently done and then usually in a stand-alone volume.) BUT the hour I spent browsing through the pages was not a waste of time. I didn’t find any mention of Rev. Carr but I did learn about the early history of the county. Tidbits such as this:  “The structures under which the early families sheltered themselves and their families hardly rose even to the dignity of log houses. They were frequently mere cabins of small logs, (there not being help enough to handle large ones) covered with bark. Sometimes there was a floor of split logs, or “puncheons,” sometimes none. A log house 16-feet square, with a shingle roof, a board floor and a window containing six lights of glass, was a decidedly stylish residence and its owner was in some danger of being disliked as a bloated aristocrat.” 

Quote from Thomas Jefferson: “How sublime to look down into the workhouse of nature, to see her clouds, hail, snow, rain, thunder….. all fabricated at our feet! And the fgorious sun gilding the tops of the mountains and giving life to all nature.”

Quotes from Garrison Keillor: “Some people get what they want. Some people get what they got.”  ……  “After all is said and one, more is said than is done.” 

Quote from Ethel Mertz, “I Love Lucy,”  “Just because we’re married to men doesn’t mean we’ve got anything in common with them.”

Quote from AAA about travel: “Thou shalt, when in Rome, do somewhat as the Romans do, and if in difficulty, thou shalt use thy common sense and much friendliness.’